Types of Kidney Stones
Calcium Stones
The most common type, usually formed from calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate.
Uric Acid Stones
Often seen in individuals with high protein diets or metabolic disorders.
Struvite Stones
Associated with urinary tract infections.
Cystine Stones
Rare stones caused by a genetic disorder affecting amino acid excretion
Treatment Options for Kidney Stones
Conservative Management
Small stones may pass naturally with:
- Increased fluid intake
- Pain management
- Medications to relax the urinary tract
Medical Management
Medications may be prescribed to control pain, infection, or stone formation.
Surgical and Minimally Invasive Procedures
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
Uses shock waves to break stones into smaller fragments.
Ureteroscopy (URS)
A minimally invasive procedure using a thin scope to remove or break stones.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
Used for large or complex kidney stones.